Supreme Court of The United States: A Nine-Judge Bench comprising of CJ Roberts, Breyer, Thomas, Ginsburg and Alito, JJ., and for the dissenting opinion Kennedy, Sotomayor and Kagan, JJ. and Gorsuch, J., dismissed a writ of certiorari whereby it was held that when a Judge had a reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decision-making authority he need not give a detailed explanation for the same.
The petitioner was found guilty of possessing methamphetamine along with the intent to distribute the same, for which the Judge after having reviewed the Guidelines ranging to be 135 to 168 months imposed a sentence at the bottom of the range. Further, the Sentencing Commission lowered the relevant range from 108 to 135 months. The petitioner sought a sentence reduction under §3582(c)(2) to reduce the sentence to the bottom of the new range, but the Judge reduced petitioner’s sentence to 114 months instead of taking into account the motion and the relevant guidelines. Hence, this petition was filed expressing disdain to know the reasoned basis behind not considering petitioner’s plea and imposing a “disproportionate” sentence reduction (sentence reduced to a different point in the amended Guidelines range than the previously selected in the original Guidelines range).
It was contended by the respondent that the Federal Sentencing Guidelines require a sentencing Judge to first identify the recommended Guidelines sentencing range based on certain offender and offense characteristics and then it was up to his discretion to either choose a penalty within that Guidelines range, or by departing from the Guidelines and select a sentence outside the range. However he must state in open court the reasons for the same but quoting the case of Rita v. United States,2007 SCC OnLine US SC 62, it was clearly held that how detailed the explanation must be has been left to the Judge’s own professional judgment. Also, the statute governing sentence-modification motions was devoid of any express provisions directing a sentencing Judge to state his reasons for imposing a particular sentence and hence the conduct of the respondent here was sufficient. In this case, the proportionality of the sentence declared was in question but apparently it being a technical issue proving the sentence to be ‘right’ was difficult as the sentence was in the middle of the range. With respect to the form order, it was pointed out that it demanded severe penalty as a “significant quantity” of methamphetamine was involved and going by the nature of the drug it yet again corroborates the reasons for the said sentencing.
The petitioner argued that the Judge should have explained more relying on the presumption that the respondent would choose a point within the new lower Guidelines range that was “proportional” to the point previously chosen in the older higher Guidelines range. It was answered by the respondents that neither they were aware of any law nor this was a convincing reason to demand the same. Citing the case of Dillon v. United States, 2010 SCC OnLine US SC 74 it was held that, “the court has no duty” to provide an “on-the-record explanation” of its reasons when the explanation fell within the scope of lawful professional judgment that the law confers upon the sentencing Judge.” Additionally providing a more detailed statement of reasons often serves “a salutary purpose” separate and apart from facilitating appellate review.
Accordingly, given the simplicity of this case, the Judge’s awareness of the arguments along with consideration of the relevant sentencing factors, and the intuitive reason for the sentence above the very bottom of the new range, the Judge’s explanation (minimal as it was) fell within the scope of the lawful professional judgment that the law confers upon the sentencing Judge.
Hence the appeal was affirmed.
Dissenting opinion:
It was submitted by the Judge that a District Court’s reasoning shall be surmised from its terse and largely uninformative order. He asserts that “If the form were expanded to include just a few more categories covering the factors most often bearing on a trial court’s sentencing determination, the objections petitioner raises likely would be met.” Thus it was insufficient to allow for meaningful appellate review.[Adaucto Chavez-Meza v. United States, 2018 SCC OnLine US SC 81, Order dated 18-06-2018]